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EU Differentiation in Border, Asylum and Police Cooperation: Drivers, Effectiveness and Crisis

Year of Publication: 
2021
Author(s): 
Emmanuel Comte
Sandra Lavenex
Organization Name: 
EU Integration and Differentiation for Effectiveness and Accountability
Acronym: 
EU IDEA
Category: 
Reports
Theme: 
Country - European Union
Keyword(s): 
EU integration
Migration
Refugees
European Union
Abstract: 
The leading policy objective in EU differentiation underlying border, asylum and police cooperation has been to achieve the abolition of internal border controls to create a borderless European single market. Germany has been the main proponent kickstarting and maintaining such agenda through differentiation. For roughly two decades, differentiation has proved effective to abolish internal border controls, integrate the related cooperation in EU structures, enlist the cooperation of non-EU member states, and produce joint policy outputs on asylum, external borders and police affairs. Yet, growing external migration challenges have undermined the effectiveness and legitimacy of existing arrangements, ushering in disintegration tendencies.
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